Dsg d  n q   &f&i page &p of &nArialdo z @ E?"@y Z#: @@8@F?8@F@8@F?8@F@8hi"`=p~P10  "@!{p0ppppp">!b=@!`=""@!0ppppp">!u~@!u""^=b ކ`=` "Z#: @8@F?8@F@8@F?8@F@8hi dg`~{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}}{\pard\qr \x\fs16\b DIRECTION\par \qr \x\fs16 0=Down,1=Up} }d $ev{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}}{\pard\qr \x\fs16\b RESET\par \qr \x\fs16 1=Reset} }"ޭb ^b` ``Z#"7 o 0P I I I I I"7 o @\ I I I I I"7 o  I I I I I"7 o Pp I I I I I"7 o u I I I I I"7 o Pp I I I I I"7 o : I I I I I"7 o s0 I I I I I" 7 ^7 `` ``  "Z# " 7 ,7 ,` ,`  "Z# " 7 ,"7 @ @ , ,"Z#Z#"" ^e ` g g eZ#"ub ` u uZ#" uu~Buu u@" ^=b ` `=`=Z#" ^=b="`=`=e`= g" `  "n|x"X6hD|Z#: `@8@F?8@F@8@F?8@F@8hig"`=u" ޭb ~` Z#"7 o  I I I I I" 7 o T0p I I I I I" 7 o p I I I I I" 7 o  I I I I I"  7  ` ` 7 Z#"" 7 b7 b b  " Z# " 7 ~7 7  " Z# " 7  7  " Z#"u~ug""^=b B_`= `=@_` @_Z#"ub >b{u@u`{` `{Z#" 7 >B @7 @Z#"" 7 ^N `7 `7 NZ# "" 7 ~2 2 2 7 Z# "" 7 Nb N` N` `7 `Z#"" 7 b `@ `@ 7 Z#"d @ `X{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}}{\pard\ql \x\fs16 Q0} }d @ 2jX{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}}{\pard\ql \x\fs16 Q1} }d @  X{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}}{\pard\ql \x\fs16 Q2} }d @ @X{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}}{\pard\ql \x\fs16 Q3} }d @ g X{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}}{\pard\ql \x\fs16 Q4} }d @ @X{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}}{\pard\ql \x\fs16 Q5} }d @ HX{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}}{\pard\ql \x\fs16 Q6} }d  @ e@X{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}}{\pard\ql \x\fs16 Q7} }d  @ )X{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}}{\pard\ql \x\fs16 Q8} }d  @ F@~X{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}}{\pard\ql \x\fs16 Q9} }d  `Y{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}}{\pard\ql \x\fs16 Q10} }d  'Y{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}}{\pard\ql \x\fs16 Q11} }"ޭb >b`@` @Z#"ئx"" ~"C  F F  CZ#"b C"C` C  CZ# "(<(J"b C  C ` Z#"b de` e eZ# "n|8H"ub >Bu@` @Z#"ئXh"ޭ^`"X6hDz(" ^=b "`= ` Z#"(]l"!b d e ` Z#d C `5m{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}}{\pard\ql \x\fs20\b Cascading Synchronous Up/Down Counters Asynchronously (ripple)} }Z#K@ @8@F@8@F@8@F@8@F@8hi"`0FW5  "P2PC0T0ppppp""~2NKK2KNK""P2г0ppppp"#~2>B2@@""$^/NN`N/N"Z#K@@@8@F@8@F@8@F@8@F@8hi d/ ~{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}}{\pard\qr \x\fs16\b DIRECTION\par \qr \x\fs16 0=Down,1=Up} }d`5@,v{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}}{\pard\qr \x\fs16\b RESET\par \qr \x\fs16 1=Reset} }g"NД"%/>B/@ @Z#"  ` I I I I I"  `Pp$ I I I I I" `\x I I I I I" `0 I I I I I" `!= I I I I I" `u I I I I I" `Pp I I I I I" `: I I I I I"&^"/B`@,@,/ /Z#""'^"b HH```"Z# "(^"^ `e`e`"Z# ")^", ,e,e`"Z#Z#"*^"` Z#" "+^"^"``,`,   Z#"",^">j`@H@Hj jZ# ""-^"b` e e` `Z# " ".^bH` `K`K`HZ#"/ކ/ކB/@Z#"0ކ/>"@ / Z#"1N/jK/jNjNKZ#"2N/KeNKNe/eZ#"8H" GUDR"3/B @ /Z#"4ކ">B@ @g"dm){\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}}{\pard\qj \x\fs20 The synchronous counters can be connected in asynchronous (ripple) mode rather than synchronous. This means the output from the first counter feeds the clock of the next, this is known as ripple or asynchronous - not all the clocks work at the same time, however the counters are less complex to construct. This is actually a mixture of synchronous and ripple.} }"5^/Hb`H``/`Z#"6^/HH`H/HZ# " XhAO" (8Hd  X{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}}{\pard\ql \x\fs16 Q0} }d @2X{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}}{\pard\ql \x\fs16 Q1} }d NX{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}}{\pard\ql \x\fs16 Q2} }d @X{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}}{\pard\ql \x\fs16 Q3} }d KX{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}}{\pard\ql \x\fs16 Q4} }d g X{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}}{\pard\ql \x\fs16 Q5} }d @X{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}}{\pard\ql \x\fs16 Q6} }d HX{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}}{\pard\ql \x\fs16 Q7} }g"`/(# dQ)`5m{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab254{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Arial;}}{\pard\ql \x\fs20\b An 8-bit Synchronous/Ripple Up/Down Counter} }@ @?"@